{"id":11042,"date":"2017-08-15T06:25:17","date_gmt":"2017-08-15T06:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/?p=11042"},"modified":"2017-08-15T06:25:17","modified_gmt":"2017-08-15T06:25:17","slug":"anayasa-mahkemesi-karari-e-2017122-2918-sayili-kanun-hk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/2017\/08\/anayasa-mahkemesi-karari-e-2017122-2918-sayili-kanun-hk\/","title":{"rendered":"Anayasa Mahkemesi Karar\u0131 E.2017\/122 (2918 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun Hk.)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Anayasa Mahkemesi Karar\u0131 E.2017\/122 15 A\u011fustos 2017 Tarihli Resmi Gazete Say\u0131:\u00a030155 Anayasa Mahkemesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan: Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2017\/122 Karar Sa…<\/p>\n

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Anayasa Mahkemesi Karar\u0131 E.2017\/122 (2918 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun Hk.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Anayasa Mahkemesi Karar\u0131 E.2017\/122<\/strong><\/p>\n

15 A\u011fustos 2017 Tarihli Resmi Gazete<\/p>\n

Say\u0131:\u00a030155<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2017\/122<\/p>\n

Karar Say\u0131s\u0131: 2017\/122<\/p>\n

Karar Tarihi: 12.7.2017<\/p>\n

\u0130T\u0130RAZ YOLUNA BA\u015eVURAN: Zonguldak Sulh Ceza H\u00e2kimli\u011fi<\/p>\n

\u0130T\u0130RAZIN KONUSU: 13.10.1983 tarihli ve\u00a02918 say\u0131l\u0131 Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu<\/a><\/strong>\u2019nun, 8.3.2000 tarihli ve 4550 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 38. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek iptaline karar verilmesi talebidir.<\/p>\n

OLAY: Davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n iptali i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan davada, itiraz konusu kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na varan Mahkeme, iptali i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

I. \u0130PTAL\u0130 \u0130STENEN KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dc<\/p>\n

Kanun\u2019un itiraz konusu c\u00fcmleyi de i\u00e7eren 31. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

\u201cAra\u00e7larda bulundurulmas\u0131 zorunlu gere\u00e7ler:<\/em><\/p>\n

Madde 31- (De\u011fi\u015fik: 8\/3\/2000 \u2013 4550\/1 md.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ara\u00e7larda;<\/em><\/p>\n

a) \u00d6zelliklerine ve cinslerine g\u00f6re y\u00f6netmelikte nitelik ve nicelikleri belirtilen gere\u00e7lerin,<\/em><\/p>\n

b) Kamyon, \u00e7ekici ve otob\u00fcslerde ayr\u0131ca tako\u011fraf, taksi otomobillerinde ise taksimetre,<\/em>
\nBulundurulmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131l\u0131r durumda olmas\u0131 zorunludur. Ancak, 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda \u00fcretilen ara\u00e7larla, resmi ta\u015f\u0131t olarak tescil edilmi\u015f ve edilecek olanlar ile \u015fehiri\u00e7i ve belediye m\u00fccavir alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yolcu ve y\u00fck nakliyat\u0131 yapanlarda tako\u011fraf bulundurma ve kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu aranmaz. Tako\u011fraf cihazlar\u0131 mekanik, elektronik olabilece\u011fi gibi elektro mekanik de olabilir.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Birinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendinde say\u0131lan gere\u00e7leri bulundurmayan, kullanmayan veya kullan\u0131labilir durumda bulundurmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler 8.500.000 lira; (b) bendine g\u00f6re ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda taksimetre, tako\u011fraf bulundurmayan, kullanmayan veya kullan\u0131labilir durumda bulundurmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler 34.800.000 lira para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda ara\u00e7 sahibi de\u011filse ayr\u0131ca, tescil plakas\u0131na da ayn\u0131 miktar i\u00e7in ceza tutana\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenir. Ayn\u0131 bentte belirtilen cihazlar\u0131 bozuk imal edenler veya bozulmas\u0131na vas\u0131ta olanlar ile bu durumdaki cihazlar\u0131 kullanan ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri ve i\u015fletenleri \u00fc\u00e7 aydan alt\u0131 aya kadar hafif hapis cezas\u0131 ve 526.700.000 lira hafif para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca (b) bendi h\u00fckm\u00fcne uygun durumda bulunmayan ara\u00e7lar trafik zab\u0131tas\u0131nca; eksiklikleri giderilinceye kadar trafikten men edilir. \u201d<\/p>\n

II. \u0130LK \u0130NCELEME<\/p>\n

1. Anayasa Mahkemesi \u0130\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN, Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN, Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR, Serruh KALEL\u0130, Osman Alifeyyaz PAKS\u00dcT, Recep K\u00d6M\u00dcRC\u00dc, Nuri NEC\u0130PO\u011eLU, Hicabi DURSUN, Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI, Muammer TOPAL, M. Emin KUZ, Ha\u015fan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN, Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA, R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7, Recai AKYEL ve Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ\u2019in kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131yla 31.5.2017 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ilk inceleme toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6ncelikle s\u0131n\u0131rlama sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

2. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 152. ve 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesinin Kurulu\u015fu ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 40. maddelerine g\u00f6re, Anayasa Mahkemesine itiraz yoluyla yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurular itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran mahkemenin bakmakta oldu\u011fu davada uygulayaca\u011f\u0131 yasa kural\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3. \u0130tiraz yoluna ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme, Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde belirtilen, \u201cS\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda ara\u00e7 sahibi de\u011filse ayr\u0131ca, tescil plakas\u0131na da ayn\u0131 miktar i\u00e7in ceza tutana\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn iptalini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

4. Bak\u0131lmakta olan dava, Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendinde belirtilen, taksi otomobillerinde taksimetrenin kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ara\u00e7 sahibine verilen idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n iptali talebine ili\u015fkindir. \u0130tiraz konusu kural ise Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde belirtilen eylemlerden her birinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde uygulanabilecek ortak bir kurald\u0131r. Ba\u015fvuran Mahkeme\u2019de Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde belirtilen eylemlerden; kamyon, \u00e7ekici ve otob\u00fcslerde, tako\u011fraf bulundurmayan, kullanmayan veya kullan\u0131labilir durumda bulundurmayanlar ile taksi otomobillerinde taksimetre bulundurmayan veya kullan\u0131labilir durumda bulundurmayanlara ili\u015fkin bir dava ise bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, 13.10.1983 tarihli ve 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu\u2019nun, 8.3.2000 tarihli ve 4550 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine, esasa ili\u015fkin incelemenin ayn\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan, \u201cBirinci f\u0131kran\u0131n\u2026 (b) bendine g\u00f6re ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda taksimetre,\u2026 kullanmayan\u2026 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler\u2026\u201d ibaresi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, OYB\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130YLE karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

III. ESASIN \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

6. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131 ve ekleri, Raport\u00f6r Ayd\u0131n AYG\u00dcN taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin rapor, itiraz konusu kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc, dayan\u0131lan Anayasa kurallar\u0131 ile bunlar\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri okunup incelendikten sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n

A. \u0130tiraz\u0131n Gerek\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n

7. Ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131nda \u00f6zetle, taksi otomobillerinde taksimetre bulundurmamak ve kullanmamak, kullan\u0131labilir durumda bulundurmamak \u015feklinde tarif edilen kabahatte, taksimetrenin ara\u00e7ta kullan\u0131labilir durumda bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ve s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda ara\u00e7 sahibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tescil plakas\u0131na da ayn\u0131 miktar i\u00e7in ceza tutana\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilerek ara\u00e7 sahibinin kusurunun bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcye bu y\u00f6nde bir alomaliye.com talimat\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n idare taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131m uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun ise i\u015flemedi\u011fi bir fiilden dolay\u0131 ara\u00e7 sahibine yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131na neden olabilece\u011fi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, cezalar\u0131n \u015fahsili\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, \u00f6te yandan, Anayasa ve ceza hukukunun temel kurallar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca ki\u015filere ceza verilebilmesi i\u00e7in hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 eylemin kanunda belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bu eylemin o ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu\u011funun kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, itiraz konusu kuralda ara\u00e7 sahibinin hangi eyleminin su\u00e7 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi gibi ara\u00e7 sahibi olma ile su\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne suretle olu\u015ftu\u011funun da d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fi belirtilerek kural\u0131n, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 38. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

B. Anayasa\u2019ya Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n

8. Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) ve (b) bentlerinde, ara\u00e7larda; \u00f6zelliklerine ve cinslerine g\u00f6re y\u00f6netmelikte nitelik ve nicelikleri belirtilen gere\u00e7lerin, kamyon, \u00e7ekici ve otob\u00fcslerde ayr\u0131ca tako\u011fraf, taksi otomobillerinde ise taksimetre bulundurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ve kullan\u0131l\u0131r durumda olmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. \u0130kinci f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde de birinci f\u0131kran\u0131n (a) bendinde say\u0131lan gere\u00e7leri bulundurmayan, kullanmayan veya kullan\u0131labilir durumda bulundurmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin 8.500.000 lira; (b) bendine g\u00f6re ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda taksimetre, tako\u011fraf bulundurmayan, kullanmayan veya kullan\u0131labilir durumda bulundurmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin ise 34.800.000 lira para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, itiraz konusu ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde ise, s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda ara\u00e7 sahibi de\u011filse ayr\u0131ca tescil plakas\u0131na da ayn\u0131 miktar i\u00e7in ceza tutana\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

9. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesinde belirtilen hukuk devleti, eylem ve i\u015flemleri hukuka uygun, insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131, bu hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyup g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren, her alanda adaletli bir hukuk d\u00fczeni kurup bunu geli\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 durum ve tutumlardan ka\u00e7man, Anayasa ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcn kurallar\u0131yla kendini ba\u011fl\u0131 sayan, yarg\u0131 denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k olan devlettir.<\/p>\n

10. Kanun koyucu, kamu d\u00fczeninin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ceza hukuku alan\u0131nda d\u00fczenleme yaparken Anayasa\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla toplumda hangi eylemlerin su\u00e7 say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve su\u00e7 say\u0131lan bu eylemlerin hangi t\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda anayasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde takdir yetkisine sahiptir. Bu yetki, \u0130dar\u00ee yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

11. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda, \u201cKimse, i\u015flendi\u011fi zaman y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan kanunun su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiilden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamaz\u201d; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda da, \u201cceza ve ceza yerine ge\u00e7en g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri ancak kanunla konulur. \u201d denilerek su\u00e7un ve cezan\u0131n kanunili\u011fi esas\u0131 benimsenmi\u015f, yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise ceza sorumlulu\u011funun \u015fahsi oldu\u011fu belirtilerek, herkesin kendi eyleminden sorumlu tutulaca\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan eylemlerinden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

12. Ceza sorumlulu\u011funun \u015fahsili\u011fi ceza hukukunun temel kurallar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Cezalar\u0131n \u015fahsili\u011finden ama\u00e7, bir kimsenin i\u015flemedi\u011fi bir fiilden dolay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla, bir kimsenin ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n fiilinden sorumlu tutulmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ilkeye g\u00f6re asli ve feri fail olmayan ki\u015filerin bir su\u00e7 sebebiyle cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 38. maddesinde idari ve adli cezalar aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan idari para cezalar\u0131 da bu maddede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ilkelere t\u00e2bidir.<\/p>\n

13. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda, taksi otomobillerinde taksimetre kullanmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, ayn\u0131 zamanda ara\u00e7 sahibi de\u011filse, ayr\u0131ca tescil plakas\u0131na da ayn\u0131 miktarda ceza tutana\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilmekte, ara\u00e7 sahibinin kusurunun bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, taksimetrenin kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcye bir talimat verip vermedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmeden idare taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu ise i\u015flemedi\u011fi bir fiilden dolay\u0131 ara\u00e7 sahibine yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131na neden olabilecek niteliktedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, arac\u0131nda taksimetre kullanmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ara\u00e7 sahibi olmamas\u0131 halinde tescil plakas\u0131 sahibine sadece ruhsat sahibi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131 cezalar\u0131n \u015fahsili\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

14. \u00d6te yandan, Anayasa uyar\u0131nca, ki\u015filere ceza verilebilmesi i\u00e7in hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 eylemin kanunda belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bu eylemin o ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu\u011funun kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u0130tiraz konusu kuralda ara\u00e7 sahibinin hangi eyleminin su\u00e7 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi gibi ara\u00e7 sahibi olma ile su\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne suretle olu\u015ftu\u011fu da belirtilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

15. A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle, 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 31. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesi, ayn\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201cBirinci f\u0131kran\u0131n\u2026 (b) bendine g\u00f6re ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda taksimetre,\u2026 kullanmayan\u2026 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler\u2026\u201d ibaresi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2. ve 38, maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ptali gerekir.<\/p>\n

16. Osman Alifeyyaz PAKS\u00dcT ile Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

IV. H\u00dcK\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n

13.10.1983 tarihli ve 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu\u2019nun, 8.3.2000 tarihli ve 4550 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen 31. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin, ayn\u0131 f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesinde yer alan \u201cBirinci f\u0131kran\u0131n.,.(b) bendine g\u00f6re ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda taksimetre, \u2026kullanmayan\u2026s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler\u2026\u201d ibaresi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve \u0130PTAL\u0130NE, Osman Alifeyyaz PAKS\u00dcT ile Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131oylar\u0131 ve OY\u00c7OKLU\u011eUYLA, 12.7.2017 tarihinde karar verildi.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkan \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ba\u015fkanvekili \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Ba\u015fkanvekili<\/p>\n

Z\u00fcht\u00fc ARSLAN \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Burhan \u00dcST\u00dcN \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Engin YILDIRIM<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Serdar \u00d6ZG\u00dcLD\u00dcR<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Serruh KALEL\u0130<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Osman Alifeyyaz PAKS\u00dcT<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Recep K\u00d6M\u00dcRC\u00dc<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Nuri NEC\u0130PO\u011eLU<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Hicabi DURSUN<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Celal M\u00fcmtaz AKINCI<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Muammer TOPAL<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

M. Emin KUZ<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Hasan Tahsin G\u00d6KCAN<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

R\u0131dvan G\u00dcLE\u00c7<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Recai AKYEL<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Yusuf \u015eevki HAKYEMEZ<\/p>\n

Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2017\/122<\/p>\n

Karar Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2017\/122<\/p>\n

KAR\u015eIOY GEREK\u00c7ES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu\u2019nun 8.3.2000 tarihli, 4550 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 1. maddesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilen31. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinin \u201cBirinci f\u0131kran\u0131n\u2026 (b) bendine g\u00f6re ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda taksimetre, \u2026,kullanmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler\u2026 \u201d ibaresinin Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa OY\u00c7OKLUGUYLA karar verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal karar\u0131, otomobillerinde taksimetre kullanmayan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler ayn\u0131 zamanda ara\u00e7 sahibi de\u011fil iseler, s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcye verilen idari para cezas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ara\u00e7 sahibine de bir kusurunun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, ayn\u0131 miktarda ceza tutana\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kural\u0131n Anayasan\u0131n cezalar\u0131n \u015fahsili\u011fini d\u00fczenleyen 38. maddesine ve 2. maddesinde yer alan hukuk devletine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. \u0130dari para cezalar\u0131nda, ceza hukukunun temel ilkelerinin, idari cezalar\u0131n mahiyetine uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdur. \u00d6te yandan, idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen her eylemde kusurun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 y\u00f6ntem ve ilkelerine g\u00f6re (vicahilik, tan\u0131k dinletme ve sorgulama, resen ara\u015ft\u0131rma, bilirki\u015fiye ba\u015fvurma, ke\u015fif, olay yeri inceleme, koruma tedbirleri v.b.) kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 mahkemelerin i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc derecede art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 gibi, idari cezalarda esas olan s\u00fcrat ve etkinlik \u00f6zelli\u011fini de i\u015flevsiz hale getirebilecektir.<\/p>\n

3. \u0130ptal istemine konu olan kural, ara\u00e7 sahibine, \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn kusurlu eyleminden dolay\u0131 sorumluluk y\u00fcklemektedir. Ancak ara\u00e7 sahibi olman\u0131n ve ticari olarak i\u015fletmenin baz\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131 da i\u00e7erdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Arac\u0131 kullanmak \u00fczere verilen ki\u015finin trafik kurallar\u0131na ve mevzuat\u0131na uygun hareket etti\u011fini g\u00f6zetmek ve denetlemek de ara\u00e7 sahibine d\u00fc\u015fen bir sorumluluk olup, ara\u00e7 sahibinin bu konuda bir \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, tescil plakas\u0131 sahibine, \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn kusurlu eyleminden dolay\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ceza kesilmesi, ara\u00e7 sahibince ayn\u0131 durumun bir daha meydana gelmemesi i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir uyar\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup, hakl\u0131 nedenlere ve \u00fcst\u00fcn kamu yarar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4. Anayasa Mahkemesinin idari cezalara ili\u015fkin son kararlar\u0131nda, doktrindeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften biri olan kusur nazariyesini benimsedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Anayasa Mahkemesinin anayasaya uygunluk denetiminde \u00f6ncelikle Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen bir kural\u0131n, ki\u015finin temel haklar\u0131 ile \u00fcst\u00fcn kamu yarar\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil ve makul bir denge kurup kurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6nden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kuralda Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulundu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeyiz. Kald\u0131 ki kusurun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 her somut olayda kas\u0131t veya ihmalin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde de\u011fil, genel g\u00f6zetim ve \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gere\u011fi gibi yerine getirilmemesi \u015feklinde yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ara\u00e7 sahibinin de tam olarak kusursuz oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n

5. \u0130dari cezalarda kusur esas\u0131 mutlak ge\u00e7erli kabul edildi\u011fi ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce anayasall\u0131k denetimine esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m sistemi i\u015flemez hale gelebilecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir i\u015fletmeye, bozuk veya hijyen kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u0131da satmas\u0131 nedeniyle idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ancak bu market veya restoran\u0131n elemanlar\u0131 sorumlu tutulabilecek, b\u00f6yle bir durumun bilgisi ve talimat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda meydana geldi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren i\u015fletme sahibi ise sorumlu tutulamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle kural\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatiyle, \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lmamaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Osman Alifeyyaz PAKS\u00dcT<\/p>\n

\u00dcye<\/p>\n

Kadir \u00d6ZKAYA<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anayasa Mahkemesi Karar\u0131 E.2017\/122 15 A\u011fustos 2017 Tarihli Resmi Gazete Say\u0131:\u00a030155 Anayasa Mahkemesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan: Esas Say\u0131s\u0131 : 2017\/122 Karar Sa…  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mevzuat-haberleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11042"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11043,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11042\/revisions\/11043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohaber.net\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}